Pendekatan Mistisisme Dalam Pengkajian Islam

Abstract

Mysticism as an approach tries to see Islam from the side of the spiritual experience of a salik. The spiritual experience is in the form of encounters and revelations experienced by a creature towards the Creator. To reach this station, a seeker must first neglect several stages of purification of the soul (tazkiyatun nafs). Influential figures in the development of Sufism have formulated these stages. The method used is qualitative with a library research approach, examining related references. As a result, the history of the development of mysticism can be divided into several periods, namely: the period in the first and second centuries, the third and fourth centuries, the fifth century, the sixth century, the seventh century, the eighth century, and the ninth century. And X and thereafter. Second, maqamat in Sufism include: al-taubah, al-zuhud, al-shabr, al-faraq, al-tawadlu, al-taqwa, al-tawakkal, al-ridla, al-ma-habbah, and al-marif, mahabbah, ma'rifat, fana' and baqa', ittihad. And unity (ittihad) can take the form of al-hulul or wahdat al-Manifestation. The three influential figures in the development of Sufism include Hasan Al-Bashri, Junaid Al-Baghdadi, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Al-Ghazali, Muhyidin Ibn Arabi, Husain bin Mansur Al-Hallaj, and so on.