Representation of the Exploitation of Women in Religious Institutions in the Film “Maharaj”

Authors

  • Sindi Artika Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
  • Fakhrur Rozi Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54150/syiar.v5i1.638

Keywords:

Exploitation of Women, Film, Maharaj, Patriarchy, Gender

Abstract

The exploitation of women within religious institutions is driven by patriarchy and the manipulation of religion, resulting in sexual violence, discrimination, and systemic gender injustice. This study discusses the film Maharaj as a medium that reveals the exploitation of women and critiques patriarchal religious institutions. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with semiotic analysis. Data collection was carried out through observation and documentation. Triangulation of techniques and time was used to ensure data validity. Research findings show that the film Maharaj reveals the exploitation of women in religious institutions through visual symbolism, body gestures, and rituals such as Charan Seva, which reflect patriarchal and spiritual domination legitimized by culture. The representation of submissive and silent women becomes a marker of systemic oppression. A cultural feminist approach is used to highlight the courage of women to resist this structure. The spiral of silence theory explains the victims’ silence as a result of social and religious stigma. Karsandas Mulji appears as a symbol of resistance, opening space for discourse through media. This film acts as a form of social criticism that calls for critical awareness, justice, and gender equality. Conclusion: The film highlights the exploitation of women in religion and presents resistance as a form of social critique for gender equality.

References

Amalia, Y. (2024). Representasi feminim dan maskulin pada karakter tokoh Iteung dalam film Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas menurut analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure. etheses.iainkediri.ac.id. https://etheses.iainkediri.ac.id/id/eprint/14148

Amanda, V. D., Rahardjo, T., & Widagdo, M. B. (2024). Representasi patriarki dan eksploitasi pada perempuan dalam film Enola Holmes 2. Interaksi Online, 12(3), 699–712. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/interaksi-online/article/view/45482

Apriliani, P. (2022). Representasi jurnalis perempuan dalam film Escaping The Madhouse: The Nellie Bly Story melalui tokoh Nellie Bly (Analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure). repository.bakrie.ac.id. https://repository.bakrie.ac.id/id/eprint/6812

Arliani, N., & Adiyanto, W. (2023). Representasi kecemasan dalam lirik lagu “Rehat” Kunto Aji (Analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure). Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(3), 2808–2821. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v3i3.2052

Bayu, M. (2025). Perbedaan gaya komunikasi antar generasi: Tinjauan teoritis tentang interaksi Gen Z dan Baby Boomers dalam konteks sosial dan profesional. Governance: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Politik Lokal dan Pembangunan, 11(4), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.56015/gjikplp.v11i4.443

Bydi, A. H. (2022). Representasi makna pemimpin dalam film Omar (Analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure). etheses.iainponorogo.ac.id. https://etheses.iainponorogo.ac.id/18438/

Cameron, E. C., Hemingway, S. L., Tschida, S. L., Heer, R. K., & Jacquin, K. M. (2023). Gender inequality in national laws predicts estimated prevalence of modern slavery victims across countries. Journal of Human Trafficking, 9(4), 474–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2021.1938896

Caple, J., & Roddy, S. (2023). The stakes of religious fundraising: Economic transition and religious resurgence in Irish Catholicism and Tibetan Buddhism. Journal of Cultural Economy, 16(5), 698–715. https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2022.2098514

Chaniago, P. (2020). Representasi pendidikan karakter dalam film Surau dan Silek (Analisis semiotik Ferdinand de Saussure). Journal of Islamic Education Policy, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.30984/jiep.v4i2.1284

Cheng, H. (2022). Women, domestic labour, and economic imperialism. In The Oxford handbook of economic imperialism (pp. 301–322). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197527085.013.49

Dedieu, S. D., Ouali, U., Ghachem, R., Karray, H., & Issaoui, I. (2021). Violence against women in the Arab world: Eyes shut wide open. In Handbook of healthcare in the Arab world (pp. 207–255). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36811-1_169

Giammarinaro, M. G. (2022). Understanding severe exploitation requires a human rights and gender-sensitive intersectional approach. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 4, Article 861600. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2022.861600

Guaita-Fernández, P., Martín Martín, J. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., & Puertas, R. (2024). Analysing the efficiency of public policies on gender-based violence: A literature review. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 3(3), Article 100066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stae.2023.100066

Hamdani, A. (2017). Eksploitasi perempuan di media massa perspektif Alquran. Jurnal Harkat: Media Komunikasi Gender, 13(1), 104–115.

Hamzah, A. A. (2019). Makna puisi Wiji Thukul dalam film Istirahatlah Kata-Kata dengan pendekatan semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure. Muharrik: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial, 2(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3544710

Hendra, Y. (2019). Spiral of Silence Theory versus perkembangan masyarakat: Suatu penjelasan dan kritik teori. Jurnal Simbolika: Research and Learning in Communication Study, 5(2), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.31289/simbollika.v5i2.2859

Hermann, D., Dölling, D., Collong, A., Horten, B., Dreßing, H., Salize, H. J., Kruse, A., Schmitt, E., & Bannenberg, B. (2019). Institutional conditions of sexual abuse of children and adolescents [Institutionelle Bedingungen des sexuellen Missbrauchs von Minderjährigen]. Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 102(4), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1515/mks-2020-2033

Iswara, N. R., & Moerdisuroso, I. (2024). Analisis teori representasi Stuart Hall pada The Old Guitarist karya Pablo Picasso. academia.edu.

Julianti, A., Ete, E. V., Puspita, E. S. I. M., Sallalu, A. R. H., & Ramadhani, U. E. (2022). Gender dan konstruksi perempuan dalam agama: Pentingnya kesetaraan gender untuk penghapusan sistem patriarki. Moderasi: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer, 1(1). https://journal.forikami.com/index.php/moderasi/article/view/222

Kanzunnudin, M. (2022). Analisis semiotik Roland Barthes pada puisi ‘Ibu’ karya D. Zawawi Imron. Saweigading, 28(2), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.26499/sawer.v28i2.1040

Kasim, R. D., Soga, Z., & Mamonto, A. H. (2022). Analisis semiotik Ferdinand de Saussure terhadap nilai-nilai da’wah pada film Nussa dan Rara. Komunida, 12(2), 196–221. https://doi.org/10.35905/komunida.v12i2.3370

Kasstan, B. (2022). Everyone’s accountable? Peer sexual abuse in religious schools, digital revelations, and denominational contests over protection. Religions, 13(6), Article 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13060556

Madhona, R. H. (2022). Representasi emosional Joker sebagai korban kekerasan dalam film Joker (2019) (Analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure). Soetomo Communication and Humanities, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.25139/sch.v3i1.4475

Maulida, H. (2021). Perempuan dalam kajian sosiologi gender: Konstruksi peran sosial, ruang publik, dan teori feminis. Journal of Politics and Democracy, 1(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v1i1.6

McGraw, D. M., Ebadi, M., Dalenberg, C., Wu, V., Naish, B., & Nunez, L. (2019). Consequences of abuse by religious authorities: A review. Traumatology, 25(4), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000183

Melati, S. D., Setiadarma, A., & Irawati, A. (2024). Representasi karakteristik generasi milenial pada iklan Sasa (MSG “Micin Swag Generation”) di media YouTube (Analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure). Ikon Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi, 29(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikon.v29i1.3677

Novia, N. W. (2023). Representasi feminisme pada lirik lagu “Double Dare Ya” karya Bikini Kill (Analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure). repository.ukri.ac.id. https://repository.ukri.ac.id/id/eprint/459

Nurhidayah, I. A., Bakhri, S., & Baharuddin, M. A. (2023). Representasi kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dalam film 2037 (Studi analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure). Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(8), 849–858. https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v3i8p849-858

Pebriaisyah, B. F., Wilodati, W., & Komariah, S. (2022). Kekerasan seksual di lembaga pendidikan keagamaan: Relasi kuasa kyai terhadap santri perempuan di pesantren. Sosietas: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi, 12(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.17509/sosietas.v12i1.48063

Radja, I. G. S., & Sunjaya, L. R. (2024). Representasi budaya Jember dalam Jember Fashion Carnival: Pendekatan teori representasi Stuart Hall. Wissen: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 2(3), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.62383/wissen.v2i3.160

Rajagukguk, C., & Pattipelohy, S. C. (2018). Feminisme kultural dan peran perempuan dalam deradikalisasi di Indonesia. Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro, 4(4), 775–783. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jihi/article/view/21991

Ramos, V., & de Almeida, A. N. (2024). From percentages to narratives: Giving silence a voice in child sexual abuse within the Portuguese Catholic Church, 1950–2022. Child Abuse and Neglect, 154, Article 106944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106944

Saniyah, A. (2022). Representasi perempuan dalam novel Bidadari Berbisik karya Asma Nadia (Analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure). eprints.iainu-kebumen.ac.id. https://eprints.iainu-kebumen.ac.id/id/eprint/1455

Sholichah, I. M., Putri, D. M., & Setiaji, A. F. (2023). Representasi budaya Banyuwangi dalam Banyuwangi Ethno Carnival: Pendekatan teori representasi Stuart Hall. Education: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan, 3(2), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.51903/education.v3i2.332

Shorten, A. (2017). Accommodating religious institutions: Freedom versus domination? Ethnicities, 17(2), 242–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796817690780

Sory, A. (2023). The legal protection of the dignity of the religious in canonical legislation [La protection juridique de la dignité du religieux dans la législation canonique]. Studia Canonica, 57(2), 595–635. https://doi.org/10.2143/STC.57.2.3292794

Spraitz, J. D., & Bowen, K. N. (2021). Religious duress and reverential fear in clergy sexual abuse cases: Examination of victims’ reports and recommendations for change. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 32(5), 484–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403420921232

Steele, S. L., & Hernandez-Salazar, E. E. (2020). A very lucrative liquid: The emerging trade in human milk as a form of reproductive exploitation and violence against women. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 13(2), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-07-2019-0058

Tulloh, F. H. (2022). Representasi tanda kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dalam film The Hunting Ground: Analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure. repository.unej.ac.id. https://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/125547

Turner, J. (2016). Means of delivery: The trafficking of women into prostitution, harms and human rights discourse. In Prostitution, harm and gender inequality: Theory, research and policy (pp. 33–52). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315602615-3

van Niekerk, C. J. (2018). Interrogating sex trafficking discourses using a feminist approach. Agenda, 32(2), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2018.1455294

Wati, M. L. K., Rohman, F., & Yuniawan, T. (2023). Analisis semiotika Roland Barthes dan nilai moral dalam film pendek Tilik (2018) karya Wahyu Agung Prasetya. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra, 9(2), 1306–1315. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v9i2.3023

Downloads

Published

2025-06-24

How to Cite

Artika, S., & Rozi, F. (2025). Representation of the Exploitation of Women in Religious Institutions in the Film “Maharaj”. Syiar: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Penyiaran Islam, 5(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.54150/syiar.v5i1.638